Perception of irrigation farmers’ livelihood on a changing climate in the Upper West region of Ghana

Abstract

Agriculture in the Upper West region is primarily subsistence and rain-fed, and irrigation practice is significantly furrow and the use of traditional watering can. This historical approach to agriculture is predicted to suffer severe setbacks due to climate change. This research therefore explores farmers’ perception of climate change and its impact and how the farmers can cope with the changing climate. The primary data was gathered through field observation, interviews and administration of questionnaires to about 400 irrigation farmers in three districts of the Upper West region. The data was analysed using 1. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and basic statistical tools. It was discovered that 62% of the farmers had no formal education with majority above 50 years of age. Over 80% have observed rising temperatures and declining rainfall over the last few decades. This has led to higher evaporation and siltation of irrigation dams, higher transpiration of crops and water stress resulting in low crop yield, crop failure and food insecurity. The research also highlights anthropogenic activities that have influenced climate variability and food production in the region. The research was concluded with suggested strategies to facilitate farmers’ adaptation to climate variability.