Sustainable food production in Nigeria: a case study for Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae)

Abstract

Access to sufficient food for an active and healthy life defines food security, which is a critical factor for economic growth and development. Food insecurity ranks among developmental challenges. Sustainability is the ability of a process or activity to meet present needs without much alteration of the natural resources involved in order for future generations to benefit. It involves the development and proper management of resources without wastage and threat to the environment. Agriculture is strategic to the Nigerian economy especially in light of dwindling fortunes from crude oil, hence a real and potential contributor to wealth creation and poverty alleviation. Humans depend on less than thirty crops for food production from a sufficiently diverse pool of plant genetic resources. With increasing world population, we need to look beyond the limited crop list on which we depend. Bambara groundnut is an indigenous orphan, underutilised, under-researched crop, cultivated throughout sub-Saharan Africa, with high potentials. It is drought resistant and highly nutritional. Vigna subterranea can be grown without fertilisers, which are costly and often difficult to access. The seed makes a complete food, as it contains sufficient quantities of essential nutrients and minerals and it may be consumed in diverse ways. The crop has a reputation for resisting pests and diseases. Bambara groundnut is a promising commodity, which needs publicity. However, to ensure its wider adoption, the crop may need some improvement. Sustainable management and modern processing methods would also ensure distribution to non-producing areas.